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The Right Grade
For Industry 4.0
Productivity
Cutting tools have different design configurations. Some of
them are assembled comprising a body with replaceable cutting
elements (indexable inserts, for example), another is wholly
produced from solid material. Functionally, a cutting tool may
be divided into a cutting part that is involved in cutting, and a
mounting part, which is necessary for mounting the tool in a holder
or a machine spindle.
A tool material is the material from which the cutting Cutting tool manufacturers produce a variety of
part of a tool is produced. This is the material that tools from different tool materials according to the
directly contacts a workpiece during cutting. desired tool application. “Which material is more
suitable for my specific needs? Is the material of one
The tool material must be harder than the workpiece producer better than another?” Customers often ask
material so that it can cut the workpiece. themselves these questions when selecting the tool
In machining, the tool material needs to withstand or choosing their cutting tool supplier.
mechanical and thermal loads, and oxidation.
These factors cause gradual loss of the tool material Industry utilizes the following tool material groups
or a change in its original shape: this is known as to produce cutting tools: high speed steel (HSS),
“tool wear”. When wear reaches a certain limit, the cemented carbide (hard metal, HM), ceramics,
cutting part cannot work, and the tool fails. The cermet, and ultra-hard materials such as cubic
machining time interval, within which the tool cuts boron nitride (CBN) and polycrystalline diamond
normally from its original (new) state to a failure, is (PCD). Each group features various types within the
known as “tool life”. The tool must meet appropriate group; these are referred to as “tool material grades”
requirements of hardness, strength, and thermal and or simply “grades”.
oxidation resistance to withstand wear and ensure an
acceptable tool life.
DUSTRY 4.0
50 MACHINING IN TELLIGENTLY
